In the 6th century, Birmingham was an Anglo-Saxon farming hamlet on the banks of the River Rea.[10] The name 'Birmingham' comes from "Breme inga ham", meaning home of the sons (or descendants)of Breme.[11] Birmingham was first recorded in written documents by the Domesday Book of 1086 as a small village, worth only 20 shillings.[11] There were many variations on this name. Bermingeham is another version. In 1166 the holder of the manor of Birmingham, Peter de Birmingham, was granted a royal charter to hold a market in his castle,[12][10] which in time became known as the Bull Ring, transforming Birmingham from a village to a market town. The de Birmingham family continued to be Lords of Birmingham until the 1530s when Edward de Birmingham was cheated out of its lordship by the traitor John Dudley. [13] As early as the 16th century, Birmingham's access to supplies of iron ore and coal meant that metalworking industries became established.[14] By the time of the English Civil War in the 17th century, Birmingham had become an important manufacturing town with a reputation for producing small arms. Arms manufacture in Birmingham became a staple trade and was concentrated in the area known as the Gun Quarter.[15] During the Industrial Revolution (from the mid-18th century onwards), Birmingham grew rapidly into a major industrial centre and the town prospered. During the 18th century, Birmingham was home to the Lunar Society, an important gathering of local thinkers and industrialists.[16] The BCN Main Line canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations at Brindleyplace. Birmingham has more canal mileage than any other city in the world.

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