The island is mountainous with two large peaks, Mt. Lepetymnos (968 m (3,176 ft)) and Mt. Olympus (968 m (3,176 ft)), dominating its northern and central sections. The island’s volcanic origin is manifested in several hot springs. The island is verdant, aptly named Emerald Island, with a variety of flora that belies its size. Eleven million olive trees cover 40% of the island together with other fruit trees. Forests of mediterranean pines, chestnut trees and some oaks occupy 20%, and the remainder is scrub, grassland or urban. In the western part of the island is the world’s second largest petrified forest of Sequoia. Its economy is essentially agricultural. Olive oil is the main source of income. Tourism in Mytilene, encouraged by its international airport and the coastal towns of Petra, Plomari, Molyvos and Eresos, contribute substantially to the economy of the island. Fishing and the manufacture of soap and ouzo, the Greek national liqueur, are the remaining sources of income. [edit] Climate The climate is mild Mediterranean. The mean annual temperature is 18 Â°C (64 Â°F)), and the mean annual rainfall is 750 mm (30 in). Its exceptional sunshine makes it one of the sunniest islands in the Aegean Sea. Snow and very low temperatures are rare. [edit] Petrified Forest of Lesbos Main article: Petrified forest of Lesbos Lesbos contains one of the few known petrified forests and has been declared a Protected Natural Monument. Fossilized plants have been found in many localities on the western part of the island. The fossilised forest formed during the Late Oligocene to Lower–Middle Miocene, by the intense volcanic activity in the area. Neogene volcanic rocks dominate the central and western part of the island, comprising andesites, dacites and rhyolites, ingnibrite, pyroclastics, tuffs and volcanic ash. The products of the volcanic activity covered the vegetation of the area and the fossilisation process took place during favourable conditions. The fossilized plants are silicified remnants of a sub-tropical forest that existed on the north-west part of the island 20-15 million years ago. [edit] History View from a hill in Mithymna (2006). A statue in Madrid of Cybele, the great mother goddess, in her chariot that was drawn by lions to guide the sun in its daily path across the sky. View of Kalloni Bay.

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