The situation of a wife in Muslim society is controversial: Some groups criticize the condition of wives as being “miserable”,[32] and propose intolerance to the rule that a husband may beat his wife.[33] Based on the fundamentals of Islam, they emphasize that according to the Scripture, “the Prophet(s) said: “Do not beat your wife” and “Do not strike your wife in the face.”[34] Traditionally, the wife has had a high esteem in Islam as a protected, chaste person that manages the household and the family. Progressive Muslims today may also agree on a perfectly equal relationship.[35] The majority, however, is vastly different; not only does sura four, the An-Nisa, allow to beat a wife, but in Germany, a Muslim won a case in Frankfurt when his wife wanted an immediate divorce (additional to the separation already in place, without the one years’ respite) due to domestic violence; her request was rejected, based on the argument that it was “custom” and “based on Islamic law”. Critics commented the verdict legitimized beating one’s wife (see source); in another case, murder of someone for “causing dishonor” ended in sentence of homicide instead, because the person on trial was a Muslim brother killing his sister.[36] Traditionally, Muslim married women are not distinguished from unmarried women by an outward symbol (such as a wedding ring). However women’s wedding rings have recently been adopted in the past thirty years from the Western culture.[37] Traditionally and most commonly, the only sign of the marriage is the nikah,[38] the written marriage contract. [edit] Hinduism In Hindi, wife means a woman who shares every thing in this world with her husband and he does the same, including their identity. Decisions are ideally made in mutual consent. A wife usually takes care of anything inside her household, including the family’s health, the children’s education, a parent’s needs. In Tamil, a wife is known as a “Manaivee”. “Manai” means “house”, and “manaivee” “head of a household”. The majority of Hindu marriages in South India even now are arranged marriages, which means parents that have a son will search for parents with a daughter, through relatives, neighbourhoods, or even brokers. Once they find a suitable family (family of same caste, culture and financial status), they proceed with discussions directly. In the past decades, a marriage out of love has become a rivaling model to the arranged marriage. Indian law has recognised marital rape, sexual, emotional or verbal abuse of a woman by her husband as crimes. The Britannica mentions that “Until quite recently, the only property of which a Hindu woman was the absolute owner was her strÄ«dhana, consisting mainly of wedding gifts and gifts from relatives.”[39] Commonly, a wife wears a red dot on her forehead to show her status as a married woman. [edit] Buddhism and Chinese folk religions China’s family laws were changed by the Communist revolution; and in 1950, the People’s Republic of China enacted a comprehensive marriage law including provisions giving the spouses equal rights with regard to ownership and management of marital property.[40] [edit] Other In Japan, before enactment of the Meiji Civil Code of 1898, all of the woman’s property such as land or money passed to her husband except for personal clothing and a mirror stand.[41] [edit] See also Look up wife in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Marriage Husband Retro housewife [edit] References ^ Etymology of “Weib” ^ American Heritage Dictionary on “wife” ^ Britannica 2005, dowry ^ Merriam-Webster, dower ^ Merriam-Webster on Midwife, and Britannica, midwife ^ Sharing the husband’s title ^ William C. Horne, Making a heaven of hell: the problem of the companionate ideal in English marriage, poetry, 1650-1800 Athens (Georgia), 1993 ^ Frances Burney, Evelina, Lowndes 1778, and Seeber, English Literary History of the eighteenth century, Weimar 1999 ^ Elizabeth M. Craik, Marriage and property, Aberdeen 1984 ^ Gail MacColl and Carol McD. Wallace, To Marry An English Lord, p166-7, ISBN 0-89480-939-3 ^ Future of the Children ^ Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders: theoretical preface ^ for the 18th and 19th century, which contained much criticism of these facts, see also Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Boston 1792 ^ William Blackstone, Commentaries upon the Laws of England ^ Joseph Addison, The Spectator, No.81 ^ Brockhaus 2004, Kranzgeld . ^ Though cloisters’ practices were not bound by modern national borders, see sources for Spain, for Italy, and for Britain ^ a b (Taking) The White Veil ^ The welfare of the cloister members was ensured by the Catholic Church and the Pope. ^ Silvia Evangelisti, Wives, Widows, And Brides Of Christ: Marriage And The Convent In The Historiography Of Early Modern Italy, Cambridge 2000 ^ ”Companionship marriage” and “companionate marriage” are synonyms (the latter being the older one), although the term usually refers to a relationship based on equality, it might instead refer to a marriage with mutual interest in their children, [1] ^ Stepfamily as individualized marriage ^ Howard, Vicki. “A ‘Real Man’s Ring”: Gender and the Invention of Tradition.” Journal of Social History. Summer 2003 pp837-856 ^ Maternity pay and allowance, and work and family guide ^ Cuckoo’s egg in the nest, Spiegel 07, 2007 ^ The restrictions of her abilities to do this vary immensely even within a legal system, see case NY vs. Fishman, 2000 ^ The New Encyclopedia of Islam(2002), AltaMira Press. ISBN 0-7591-0189-2 p.477 ^ Spiegel 07, 2007 ^ Clothes ^ Qur’an verse 4;4 ^ Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito. Islam, Gender, and Social Change, Published 1998. Oxford University Press, US. ISBN 0-19-511357-8. ^ miserable quote ^ Wives in Islam controversy ^ Dr. Haddad, Damascus, Responsibilities of a husband ^ Heba G. Kotb M.D., Sexuality in Islam, PhD Thesis, Maimonides University, 2004 ^ Both cases are described in the main article of Der Spiegel (13), 2007, p.23f, cf. summary ^ Westernized Muslims ^ Nikah in marriage ^ Britannica, Legal limitations on marriage (from family law) ^ Britannica 2004, Legal limitations on marriage (from family law) ^ Britannica, Legal limitations on marriage (from family law) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wife" Categories: Family | Marriage | Women | Gender Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Log in / create account if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search   Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent linkCite this page Languages العربية Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Brezhoneg Cymraeg Deutsch Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska 日本語 ‪Norsk (nynorsk)‬ Русский Simple English தமிழ் Українська ייִדיש 中文 This page was last modified on 19 January 2009, at 19:39. 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